tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6228060108927307342024-02-19T23:22:53.231-08:00Pengertian Landasan Historis,Psikologis,Pedagogis Dan Lain-lain.BONGGAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01236975867707152000noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-622806010892730734.post-24039594657291900832011-05-21T08:28:00.000-07:002011-05-21T08:28:17.059-07:00Jenis-jenis Landasan Pendidikan<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jenis-jenis Landasan Pendidikan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ada berbagai jenis landasan pendidikan, berdasarkan sumber perolehannya kita dapat mengidentifikasi jenis landasan pendidikan menjadi:</span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Landasan religius pendidikan, yaitu asumsi-asumsi yang bersumber dari religi atau agama yang menjadi titik tolak dalam rangka praktek pendidikan dan atau studi pendidikan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Landasan filosofis pendidikan, yaitu asumsi-asumsi yang bersumber dari filsafat yang menjadi titik tolak dalam rangka praktek pendidikan dan atau studi pendidikan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Landasan ilmiah pendidikan, yaitu asumsi-asumsi yang bersumber dari berbagai cabang atau disiplin ilmu yang menjadi titik tolak dalam rangka praktek pendidikan dan atau studi pendidikan. Tergolong ke dalam landasan ilmiah pendidikan antara lain: landasan psikologis pendidikan, landasan sosiologis pendidikan, landasan antropologis pendidikan, landasan historis pendidikan, dsb. Landasan ilmiah pendidikan dikenal pula sebagai landasan empiris pendidikan atau landasan faktual pendidikan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Landasan yuridis atau hukum pendidikan, yaitu asumsi-asumsi yang bersumber dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yang menjadi titik tolak dalam rangka praktek pendidikan dan atau studi pendidikan.</span></li>
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</div>BONGGAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01236975867707152000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-622806010892730734.post-63857887743996991072011-05-21T08:18:00.000-07:002011-05-21T08:18:56.068-07:00Landasan Pedagogis Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Landasan Pedagogis Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> •Pendidikan adalah upaya sadar untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik secara optimal,yang tidak boleh dilepaskan dari lingkungan peserta didik berada, terutama dari lingkungan budayanya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> •Budaya, yang menyebabkan peserta didik tumbuh dan berkembang, dimulai dari budaya di lingkungan terdekat (kampung, RT, RW, desa) berkembang ke lingkungan yang lebih luas yaitu budaya nasional bangsa dan budaya universal yang dianut oleh ummat manusia. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> •Fungsi utama pendidikan yang diamanatkan dalam UU Sisdiknas, “mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa”. Oleh karena itu, aturan dasar yang mengatur pendidikan nasional (UUD 1945 dan UU Sisdiknas) sudah memberikan landasan yang kokoh untuk mengembangkan keseluruhan potensi diri seseorang sebagai anggota masyarakat dan bangsa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> •Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No.17 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pengelolaan dan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Pasal 6 ayat (2) mencakup strategi pemnagunan nasional antaranya butir: a. pelaksanaan pendidikan agama serta aklak mulia, l.pusat pembudayaan dan pembangunan masyarakat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> •Pendidikan adalah suatu proses enkulturasi, berfungsi mewariskan nilai-nilai dan prestasi masa lalu ke generasi mendatang. Nilai-nilai dan prestasi itu merupakan kebanggaan bangsa dan menjadikan bangsa itu dikenal oleh bangsa-bangsa lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>•Proses pengembangan nilai-nilai yang menjadi landasan dari karakter itu menghendaki suatu proses yang berkelanjutan, dilakukan melalui berbagai mata pelajaran yang ada dalam kurikulum (kewarganegaraan, sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, sosiologi, antropologi, bahasa Indonesia, IPS, IPA, matematika, agama, pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga, seni, serta ketrampilan).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> D. Fungsi Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 80%;">Fungsi pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa adalah: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 80%;"><span> </span><span> </span>1. Pengembangan: pengembangan potensi peserta didik untuk menjadi pribadi berperilaku baik; ini bagi peserta didik yang telah memiliki sikap dan perilaku yang mencerminkan budaya dan karakter bangsa; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 80%;"><span> </span><span> </span>2. Perbaikan: memperkuat kiprah pendidikan nasional untuk bertanggung jawab dalam pengembangan potensi peserta didik yang lebih bermartabat; dan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> 3. Penyaring: untuk menyaring budaya bangsa sendiri dan budaya bangsa lain yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa yang bermartabat. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> E. Tujuan Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>Tujuan pendidikan budaya dan karakter bangsa adalah: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>1.Mengembangkan potensi kalbu/nurani/afektif peserta didik sebagai manusia dan warganegara yang memiliki nilai-nilai budaya dan karakter bangsa; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>2. Mengembangkan kebiasaan dan perilaku peserta didik yang terpuji dan sejalan dengan nilai-nilai universal dan tradisi budaya bangsa yang religius; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>3. Menanamkan jiwa kepemimpinan dan tanggung jawab peserta didik sebagai generasi penerus bangsa; </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>4. Mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik menjadi manusia yang mandiri, kreatif, berwawasan kebangsaan; dan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span><span> </span>5. Mengembangkan lingkungan kehidupan sekolah sebagai lingkungan belajar yang aman, jujur, penuh kreativitas dan persahabatan, serta dengan rasa kebangsaan yang tinggi dan penuh kekuatan (dignity).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div>BONGGAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01236975867707152000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-622806010892730734.post-61248242492731756222011-05-21T08:05:00.000-07:002011-05-21T08:05:37.858-07:00Landasan Pedagogis<m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan Pedagogis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bimbingan dan konseling itu identik dengan pendidikan. Artinya ketka seseorang melakukan praktik bimbingan dan konseling berarti ia sedang mendidik., dan begitupula sebaliknya. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pendidikan itu merupakan salah satu lembaga sosial yang universal dan berfungsi sebagai sarana reproduksi sosial ( Budi Santoso, 1992)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Landasan pedagogis dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling ditinjau dari tiga segi, yaitu: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></i></b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. <b><i>Pendidikan sebagai upaya pengembangan Individu: Bimbingan merupakan bentuk upaya pendidikan</i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pendidikan adalah upaya memanusiakan manusia. Seorang bagi manusia hanya akan dapat menjadi manusia sesuai dengan tuntutan budaya hanya melalui pendidikan. Tanpa pendidikan, bagi manusia yang telah lahir itu tidak akan mampu memperkembangkan dimensi keindividualannya, kesosialisasinya, kesosilaanya dan keberagamaanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional pasal 1 ayat (1) ditegaskan bahwa : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan akhlak mulia, serta ketrampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan Negara</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan bimbingan dan konseling tidak boleh menyimpang dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional, yakni yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang No. 20/2003 juga, disebutkan bahwa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pendidikan Nasional bertujuan mencerdaskan bangsa dan mengembangkan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya, yaitu manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan berbudi pekerti luhur, memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan, kesehatan jasmani dan rohani, kepribadian yang mantap dan mandiri, serta rasa tanggung jawab kemasyarakatan dan kebangsaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Integrasi bimbingan dan konseling dengan pendidikan juga tampak dari dimasukkannya secara berkesinambungan berbagai program pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling ke dalam program-program sekolah dan madrasah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2. Pendidikan sebagai inti Proses Bimbingan Konseling</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator utama yang menandai adanya pendidikan ialah peserta didik yang terlibat di dalamnya menjalani proses belajar dan kegiatan bimbingan konseling bersifat normatif.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bimbingan dan konseling mengembangkan proses belajar yang dijalani oleh klien-kliennya. Kesadaran ini telah tampil sejak pengembangan gerakan Bimbingan dan Konseling secara meluas di Amerika Serikat . pada tahun 1953, Gistod telah menegaskan Bahwa Bimbingan dan Konseling adalah proses yang berorientasi pada belajar……, belajar untuk memahami lebih jauh tentang diri sendiri, belajar untuk mengembangkan dan merupakan secara efektif berbagai pemahaman.. (dalam Belkin, 1975). Lebih jauh, Nugent (1981) mengemukakan bahwa dalam konseling klien mempelajari ketrampilan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pemecahan masalah, tingkah laku, tindakan, serta sikap-sikap baru . Dengan belajar itulah klien memperoleh berbagai hal yang baru bagi dirinya; dengan memperoleh hal-hal baru itulah klien berkembang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Pendidikan lebih lanjut sebagai inti tujuan Bimbingan tujuan dan konseling</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bimbingan dan konseling mempunyai tujuan khusus ( jangka pendek ) dan tujuan umum ( jangka panjang ). Mengutip pendapat Crow and Crow, Prayitno dan Erman Amti menyatakan bahwa tujuan khusus dalam pelayanan bimbingan dan konseling ialah membantu individu memecahkan masalah-masalah yang dihadapinya, sedangkan tujuan umumnya ialah bimbingan itu sendiri.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Bimbingan dan Konseling disamping memperkuat tujuan-tujuan pendidikan, juga menunjang proses pendidikan pada umumnya. Hal itu dapat dimengerti karena program-program bimbingan dan konseling meliputi aspek-aspek tugas perkembangan individu, khususnya yang menyangkut kawasan kematangan pendidikan karier, Kematangan personal dan emosional, serta kematangan sosial, semuanya untuk peserta didik pada jenjang pendidikan dasar (SD dan SLTP) dan pendidikan menengah (Borders dan Drury, 1992). Hasil-hasil bimbingan dan konseling pada kawasan itu menunjang keberhasilan pendidikan pada umumnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <br />
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</div>BONGGAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01236975867707152000noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-622806010892730734.post-23826730291719765452011-05-21T07:54:00.000-07:002011-05-21T08:26:16.759-07:00Landasan Psikologis<m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Pengertian Landasan Psikologis dalam Pendidikan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Pemahaman peserta didik yang berkaitan dengan aspek kejiwaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, hasil kajian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dan penemuan psiologis sangat diperlukan penerapannya dalam bidang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pendidikan. Misalnya pengetahuan tentang aspekaspek</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pribadi, urutan, dan ciriciri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pertumbuhan setiap aspek, dan konsep tentang caracara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">paling tepat untuk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">mengembangkannya. Untuk itu psikologi menyediakan sejumlah informasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tentang kehidupan pribadi manusia pada umumnya serta berkaitan dengan aspek</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pribadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Individu memiliki bakat, kemampuan, minat, kekuatan serta tempo, dan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">irama perkembangan yang berbeda satu dengan yang lain. Sebagai implikasinya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pendidik tidak mungkin memperlakukan sama kepada setiap peserta didik,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">sekalipun mereka mungkin memiliki beberapa persamaan. Penyusunan kurikulum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">perlu berhatihati</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dalam menentukan jenjang pengalaman belajar yang akan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">dijadikan garisgaris</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">besar program pengajaran serta tingkat keterincian bahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">belajar yang digariskan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Landasan psikologis pendidikan adalah suatu landasan dalam proses</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pendidikan yang membahas berbagai informasi tentang kehidupan manusia pada</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">umumnya serta gejalagejala</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">yang berkaitan dengan aspek pribadi manusia pada</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">setiap tahapan usia perkembangan tertentu untuk mengenali dan menyikapi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">manusia sesuai dengan tahapan usia perkembangannya yang bertujuan untuk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">memudahkan proses pendidikan. Kajian psikologi yang erat hubungannya dengan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pendidikan adalah yang berkaitan dengan kecerdasan, berpikit, dan belajar.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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Pemahaman etrhadap peserta didik, utamanya yang berkaitan dengan aspek kejiwaan merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, hasil kajian dan penemuan psikologis sangat diperlukan penerapannya dalam bidang pendidikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 0.0001pt 1in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebagai implikasinya pendidik tidak mungkin memperlakukan sama kepada setiap peserta didik, sekalipun mereka memiliki kesamaan. Penyusunan kurikulum perlu berhati-hati dalam menentukan jenjang pengalaman belajar yang akan dijadikan garis-garis besar pengajaran serta tingkat kerincian bahan belajar yang digariskan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 0.0001pt 75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkembangan Peserta Didik sebagai Landasan Psikologis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pemahaman tumbuh kembang manusia sangat penting sebagai bekal dasar untuk memahami peserta didik dan menemukan keputusan dan atau tindakan yang tepat dalam membantu proses tumbuh kembang itu secara efektif dan efisien.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 0.0001pt 55pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Landasan Ilmiah dan Teknologis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 0.0001pt 75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Landasan IPTEK</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kebutuhan pendidikan yang mendesak cenderung memaksa tenaga pendidik untuk mengadopsinya teknologi dari berbagai bidang teknologi ke dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Pendidikan yang berkaitan erat dengan proses penyaluran pengetahuan haruslah mendapat perhatian yang proporsional dalam bahan ajaran, dengan demikian pendidikan bukan hanya berperan dalam pewarisan IPTEK tetapi juga ikut menyiapkan manusia yang sadar IPTEK dan calon pakar IPTEK itu. 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Lembaga pendidikan, utamanya pendidikan jalur sekolah harus mampu mengakomodasi dan mengantisipasi perkembangan iptek. Bahan ajar sejogjanya hasil perkembangan iptek mutahir, baik yang berkaitan dengan hasil perolehan informasi maupun cara memproleh informasi itu dan manfaatnya bagi masyarakat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Landasan Historis Pendidikan Nasional</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A. TUJUAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Setelah mengikuti perkuliahan, mahasiswa diharapkan mampu memahami dan mengkritisi asumsi-asumsi histories yang mendasari pendidikan Indonesia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">B. DESKRIPSI MATERI KULIAH </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1. Kondisi sosial budaya </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Landasan Histories pendidikan Indonesia adalah cita –cita dan praktek-praktek pendidikan masa lampau. Dilihat dari kondisi social budaya , pendidikan masa lampau Indonesia dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga tonggak sejarah, yaitu </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pendidikan Tradisional , yaitu penyelenggaraan pendidikan di nusantara yang dipengaruhi oleh agama-agama besar di dunia Hindu, Budha, Islam dan Nasrani (katolik dan protestan)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pendidikan kolonial Barat, yaitu penyelenggaraan pendidikan di nusantara yang<span> </span>dipengaruhi oleh pemerintahan kolonial barat, teutama kolonial Belanda</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pendidikan kolonial Jepang yaitu penyelenggaraan pendidikan di nusantara yang dipengaruhi oleh pemerintahan kolnial Jepang dalam zamanperang dunia II</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2. Implikasi Kondisi social Budaya terhadap Pendidikan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kondisi social budaya dari ketiga tonggak sejarah pendidikan tersebut mempunyai implikasi terhadap penyelenggaraan pendidikannya dalam hal tujuan pendidikan, kurikulum /.isi pendidikan, metode pendidikan, dan pengelolaannya, dan kesempatan pendidikan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>BONGGAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01236975867707152000noreply@blogger.com0